NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 2.5 Associates (continued) Investment in associates is accounted for in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, investment in associates is initially recognised at cost and adjusted thereafter for post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of net assets of the associates. The Group’s share of the associate’s post-acquisition profit or loss and other comprehensive income are recognised in the consolidated profit or loss and other comprehensive income respectively. The cumulative post-acquisition movements are adjusted against the carrying amounts of the investments. Dividends received or receivable from an associate are recognised as a reduction in the carrying amount of the investment. An investment in an associate is accounted for using the equity method from the date on which the Group obtains significant influence until the date the Group ceases to have significant influence over the associate. Goodwill relating to an associate is included in the carrying value of the investment and is not tested for impairment separately. Any excess of the Group’s share of the net fair value of the associate’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the cost of the investment is excluded from the carrying amount of the investment and is instead included as income in the determination of the Group’s share of the associate’s profit or loss for the financial period in which the investment is acquired. Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the associates. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of impairment of the asset transferred. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of associates to ensure consistency of accounting policies with those of the Group. Equity accounting is discontinued when the carrying amount of the investment in an associate diminishes by virtue of losses to zero, unless the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate. If the associate subsequently reports profits, the Group resumes recognising its share of those profits only after its share of the profits equals the share of losses not recognised. For incremental interest in an associate, the date of acquisition is the purchase date at each stage and goodwill is calculated at each purchase date based on the fair value of assets and liabilities identified. There is no “step up to fair value” of net assets of the previously acquired stake and the share of profits and equity movements for the previously acquired stake is recorded directly through equity. The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in associates is impaired. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. See accounting policy 2.13 on impairment of non-financial assets. On disposal, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the net carrying amount of the associate disposed is taken to the profit or loss. In the Company’s separate financial statements, investment in associates is stated at cost less impairment loss. 2.6 Joint arrangements A joint arrangement is an arrangement of which there is contractually agreed sharing of control by the Group with one or more parties, where decisions about the relevant activities relating to the joint arrangement require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. The classification of a joint arrangement as a joint operation or a joint venture depends upon the rights and obligations of the parties to the arrangement. A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the joint venturers have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the joint operators have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. Wah Seong Corporation Berhad Annual Report 2022 112
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