NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 2.3 Subsidiaries (continued) Subsidiaries acquired from other companies within Wah Seong Corporation Berhad Group as part of the restructuring scheme is accounted for under the “Predecessor Accounting” method as these were entities under common control. Under the predecessor method of accounting, the subsidiaries are consolidated as if the subsidiaries have always been part of Wah Seong Corporation Berhad Group. Assets and liabilities acquired are not restated to their respective fair values and are recognised as the carrying amounts. The difference between any consideration given and the aggregate carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity is recognised as an adjustment to equity. No additional goodwill is recognised. Other subsidiaries are consolidated using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity interests issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. Acquisition-related costs are expensed to profit or loss as and when incurred. The cost of acquisition includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, measured initially at their fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired at the date of acquisition is reflected as goodwill in the statement of financial position – see accounting policy 2.10(a) on goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the Group’s share of identifiable net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised directly in the profit or loss. If a business combination achieved in stages, the previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to its fair value on the date it becomes a subsidiary and the resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss. All intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of impairment of the asset transferred. When necessary, amounts reported by subsidiaries have been adjusted to conform with the Group’s accounting policies. Non-controlling interests represent that portion of the profit or loss, other comprehensive income and net assets of a subsidiary attributable to equity interests that are not owned, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, by the Company. It is measured at the non-controlling’s share of the fair value of the subsidiaries’ identifiable assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition and the non-controlling’s share of changes in the subsidiaries’ equity since that date. All earnings and losses of the subsidiary are attributed to the parent and non-controlling interest, even if the attribution of losses to the non-controlling interest results in a debit balance. The gain or loss on disposal of a subsidiary, which is the difference between net disposal proceeds and the Group’s share of its net assets as of the date of disposal, including the cumulative amount of any exchange differences that relate to the subsidiary, is recognised in the consolidated profit or loss. 2.4 Transactions with non-controlling interests The Group applies a policy of treating transactions with non-controlling interests as transactions with equity owners of the Group. Effects of transactions with non-controlling interests are directly recognised in equity to the extent that there is no change in control. The difference between the fair value of any consideration paid/ received and the carrying amount of the share of net assets acquired/sold are recorded in equity. Accordingly, such transactions will no longer result in goodwill or gains and losses upon disposal. 2.5 Associates An associate is an entity in which the Group has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but not control or joint control over those policies. Annual Report 2022 Wah Seong Corporation Berhad 111
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