ACCOUNTABILITY | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 213 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the financial year ended 31 January 2024 2. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 2.12 Leases (continued) (b) Accounting by lessor As a lessor, the Group determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease. To classify each lease, the Group makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee. As part of this assessment, the Group considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset, the present value of the minimum lease payments amounts to at least substantially all of the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease and the lessee has the option to purchase the asset at a price that is expected to be sufficiently lower than the fair value at the date the option becomes exercisable for it to be reasonably certain, at the inception of the lease, that the option will be exercised. Finance lease The Group classifies a lease as a finance lease if the lease transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset to the lessee. The Group derecognises the underlying asset and recognises a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in a finance lease. Net investment in a finance lease is measured at an amount equal to the sum of the present value of lease payments from lessee and the unguaranteed residual value of the underlying asset. The lease payments include fixed payments, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate and unguaranteed residual value of the leased asset. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as revenue in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs. Initial direct costs are also included in the initial measurement of the net investment. The net investment is subject to MFRS 9 impairment (refer to Note 2.16(ii) on impairment of financial assets). In addition, the Group reviews regularly the estimated unguaranteed residual value. Lease income is recognised over the term of the lease using the net investment method so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return. The Group revises the lease income allocation if there is a reduction in the estimated unguaranteed residual value. Where a lease is determined to be a finance lease at lease inception and the Group is a manufacturer-lessor, the Group recognises selling profit or loss on a finance lease at the lease commencement date in profit or loss as follows: • Revenue is the fair value of the underlying leased asset or, if lower, the present value of the lease payments accruing to the lessor, discounted using a market rate of interest; • Cost of sale is the cost, or carrying amount (if different), of the underlying leased asset, less the present value of the unguaranteed residual value; and • Selling profit or loss is the difference between revenue and the cost of sale, and is recognised in accordance with the principles in MFRS 15 (Note 2.6(i)). Changes in variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate that occur subsequent to initial measurement are included in the lease payments at lease commencement and upon subsequent adjustments to the charter rates that are agreed with customers. These changes are accounted for as a remeasurement of the net investment in a finance lease and recognised as revenue in the period in which the change occurs.
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