192 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONT’D) For the financial year ended 31 January 2023 YINSON HOLDINGS BERHAD | INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 2.4 Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures (a) Subsidiaries In the Company’s separate financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less accumulated impairment losses. On disposal of such investments, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and their carrying amount is included in profit or loss. The amounts due from subsidiaries of which the Company does not expect repayment in the foreseeable future are considered as part of the Company’s investments in subsidiaries. However, if the subsidiaries have the intention to repay or when the Company receives the actual proceeds from the net investment, then the net investment can be re-designated to intercompany loans. (b) Associates and joint ventures An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control over those policies. A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint venture. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. The considerations made in determining significant influence or joint control are similar to those necessary to determine control over subsidiaries. The Group’s investments in its associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment in an associate or a joint venture is initially recognised at cost. The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted to recognise changes in the Group’s share of net assets of the associate or joint venture since the acquisition date. Goodwill relating to the associate or joint venture is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is neither amortised nor individually tested for impairment. The profit or loss reflects the Group’s share of the results of operations of the associate or joint venture. Any change in OCI of those investees is presented as part of the Group’s OCI. In addition, when there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of the associate or joint venture, the Group recognises its share of any changes, when applicable, in the statement of changes in equity. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associate or joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the associate or joint venture. The aggregate of the Group’s share of profit or loss of associates and joint ventures is shown on the face of the profit or loss outside operating profit and represents profit or loss after tax and non-controlling interests in the subsidiaries of the associate or joint venture. Dividends received or receivable from an associate or a joint venture are recognised as a reduction in the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate or a joint venture equals or exceeds its interests in the associate or joint venture, including any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group’s net investment in the associate or joint venture, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture.
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