2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D.) 2.9 Investment properties (cont’d.) If the Group determines that the fair value of an investment property under construction is not reliably determinable but expects the fair value of the property to be reliably determinable when construction is completed, the Group shall measure that investment property under construction at cost until either its fair value becomes reliably determinable or construction is completed (whichever is earlier). Once the Group is able to measure reliably the fair value of an investment property under construction that has previously been measured at cost, the Group shall measure that property at its fair value. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset’s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. A property interest under an operating lease is classified and accounted for as an investment property on a property-by-property basis when the Group holds it to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both. Any such property interest under an operating lease classified as an investment property is carried at fair value. Transfers are made to or from investment property only when there is a change in use. For a transfer from investment property to owner-occupied property, the deemed cost for subsequent accounting is the fair value at the date of change in use. If owneroccupied property becomes an investment property, the Group accounts for such property in accordance with the policy stated under property, plant and equipment up to the date of change in use. 2.10 Impairment of non-financial assets The carrying amount of assets, except for financial assets (excluding investments in subsidiaries, associate and joint ventures), inventories, deferred tax assets, investment properties measured at fair value and non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale, are reviewed at the reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. The fair value less costs to sell calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm’s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. In determining fair value less costs to sell, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. The Group bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Group’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years and do not include restructuring activities that the Group is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset’s performance of the CGU being tested. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. These estimates are most relevant to goodwill recognised by the Group. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately except for a property previously revalued when the revaluation was taken to OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 178 ANNUAL REPORT 2022
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