NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Cont’d 2. Significant accounting policies cont’d (c) Financial instruments cont’d (ii) Financial instrument categories and subsequent measurement cont’d Financial liabilities cont’d (a) Fair value through profit or loss cont’d On initial recognition, the Group or the Company may irrevocably designate a financial liability that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost as at fair value through profit or loss: (a) if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise; (b) a group of financial liabilities or assets and financial liabilities is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the group is provided internally on that basis to the Group’s key management personnel; or (c) if a contract contains one or more embedded derivatives and the host is not a financial asset in the scope of MFRS 9, where the embedded derivative significantly modifies the cash flows and separation is not prohibited. Financial liabilities categorised as fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at their fair value with gains or losses, including any interest expense are recognised in profit or loss. For financial liabilities where it is designated as fair value through profit or loss upon initial recognition, the Group and the Company recognise the amount of change in fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to change in credit risk in other comprehensive income and remaining amount of the change in fair value in profit or loss, unless the treatment of the effects of changes in the liability’s credit risk would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch. (b) Amortised cost Other financial liabilities not categorised as fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gains or losses on derecognition are also recognised in profit or loss. (iii) Financial guarantee contracts A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantees issued are initially measured at fair value. Subsequently, they are measured at higher of: • the amount of the loss allowance; and • the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance to the principles of MFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Liabilities arising from financial guarantees are presented together with other provisions. ANNUAL REPORT 2022 222
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