Yinson Annual Report 2018

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 2.17 Financial instruments (continued) (iii) Financial liabilities (continued) (b) Subsequent measurement (continued) Loans and borrowings After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the income statement. This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings. Financial guarantee contracts Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Group are contracts that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation. The fair value of financial guarantee is determined as the present value of the difference in net cash flows between the contractual payments under the debt instrument and the payments that would be required without the guarantee, or the estimated amount that would be payable to a third party for assuming the obligations. (c) Derecognition A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement. (iv) Offsetting of financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy. 2.18 Derivative financial instruments The Group uses derivative financial instruments, interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts, to hedge its interest rate risks and foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivative that do not qualify for hedge accounting are classified as fair value through profit or loss and changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss. For derivative that qualifies as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value is recognised in profit or loss. The gain or loss relating to the effective portion is recognised in the OCI and later reclassified to profit or loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss. Corporate Overview Stewardship Governance Accountability 121 Yinson Holdings Berhad Annual Report 2018