PRG Holdings Berhad Annual Report 2018

4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 4.2 Basis of consolidation (continued) Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to the subsidiary are accounted for (i.e. reclassified to profit or loss or transferred directly to retained earnings) in the same manner as would be required if the relevant assets or liabilities were disposed of. The fair value of any investments retained in the former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition for subsequent accounting under MFRS 9 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement or, where applicable, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a joint venture. 4.3 Business combination Business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition method of accounting. Identifiable assets acquired, liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at their fair value at the acquisition date, except that: (a) deferred tax assets or liabilities and liabilities or assets related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and measured in accordance with MFRS 112 Income Taxes and MFRS 119 Employee Benefits respectively; (b) liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment transactions of the acquiree or the replacement by the Group of an acquiree’s share-based payment transactions are measured in accordance with MFRS 2 Share-based Payment at the acquisition date; and (c) assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with MFRS 5 Non-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that Standard. Acquisition-related costs are recognised as expenses in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received. Any contingent consideration payable is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Measurement period adjustments to contingent consideration are dealt with as follows: (a) If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. (b) Subsequent changes to contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument within the scope of MFRS 9 are recognised either in profit or loss or in other comprehensive income in accordance with MFRS 9. All other subsequent changes are recognised in profit or loss. In a business combination achieved in stages, previously held equity interests in the acquiree are re-measured to fair value at the acquisition date and any corresponding gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss. Components of non-controlling interests in the acquiree that present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the entity’s net assets in the event of liquidation are initially measured at fair value, or at the present ownership instruments’ proportionate share in the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. All other components of non-controlling interests are measured at their acquisition-date fair values, unless another measurement basis is required by MFRSs. The choice of measurement basis is made on a combination-by-combination basis. Subsequent to initial recognition, the carrying amount of non-controlling interests is the amount of those interests at initial recognition plus the non-controlling interests’ share of subsequent changes in equity. Any excess of the sum of the fair value of the consideration transferred in the business combination, the amount of non- controlling interest in the acquiree (if any), and the fair value of the previously held equity interest of the Group in the acquiree (if any), over the net fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill in the statement of financial position. The accounting policy for goodwill is set out in Note 4.8 to the financial statements. In instances where the latter amount exceeds the former, the excess is recognised as a gain on bargain purchase in profit or loss on the acquisition date. 83 PRG HOLD I NGS BERHAD notes to the financial statements 31 December 2018 (continued)