Excel Force MSC Berhad Annual Report 2016

EXCEL FORCE MSC BERHAD ANNUAL REPORT 2016 67 Notes to the Financial Statements 31 December 2016 (cont’d) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d) 4.15 Employee benefits (cont’d) (a) Short term employee benefits (cont’d) Bonuses are recognised as an expense when there is a present, legal or constructive obligation to make such payments, as a result of past events and when a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. (b) Defined contribution plans The Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in Malaysia make contributions to a statutory provident fund. The contributions are recognised as a liability after deducting any contributions already paid and as an expense in the period in which the employees render their services. 4.16 Earnings per share (a) Basic Basic earnings per ordinary share for the financial year is calculated by dividing the profit for the financial year attributable to equity holders of the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial year. (b) Diluted Diluted earnings per ordinary share for the financial year is calculated by dividing the profit for the financial year attributable to equity holders of the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial year adjusted for the effects of dilutive potential ordinary shares. 4.17 Contingent liabilities and contingent assets A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence would be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Group or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Group does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events whose existence would be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Group. The Group does not recognise a contingent asset but discloses its existence where the inflows of economic benefits are probable, but not virtually certain. In the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group under business combinations, contingent liabilities assumed are measured initially at their fair value at the acquisition date. 4.18 Foreign currencies (a) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each of the entities of the Group are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Ringgit Malaysia, which is the functional and presentation currency of the Company.