Excel Force MSC Berhad Annual Report 2016

EXCEL FORCE MSC BERHAD ANNUAL REPORT 2016 63 Notes to the Financial Statements 31 December 2016 (cont’d) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d) 4.10 Financial instruments (cont’d) (b) Financial liabilities Financial instruments are classified as liabilities or equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement. A financial liability is classified into the following two (2) categories after initial recognition for the purpose of subsequent measurement: (i) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss comprise financial liabilities that are held for trading, derivatives (both, freestanding and embedded) and financial liabilities that were specifically designated into this classification upon initial recognition. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial liabilities classified as at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of financial liabilities classified as at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss. Net gains or losses on financial liabilities classified as at fair value through profit or loss exclude foreign exchange gains and losses, interest and dividend income. Such income is recognised separately in profit or loss as components of other income or other operating losses. (ii) Other financial liabilities Financial liabilities classified as other financial liabilities comprise non-derivative financial liabilities that are neither held for trading nor initially designated as at fair value through profit or loss. Subsequent to initial recognition, other financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains or losses on other financial liabilities are recognised in profit or loss when the financial liabilities are derecognised and through the amortisation process. A financial liability is derecognised when, and only when, it is extinguished, i.e. when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. An exchange between an existing borrower and lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms are accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Any difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in profit or loss. A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. (c) Equity An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group and the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Ordinary shares are classified as equity instruments. Ordinary shares are recorded at the nominal value and proceeds in excess of the nominal value of shares issued, if any, are accounted for as share premium. Both ordinary share capital and share premium are classified as equity. Transaction costs of an equity transaction are accounted for as a deduction from equity, net of any related income tax benefit. Otherwise, they are charged to profit or loss. Interim dividends to shareholders are recognised in equity in the period in which they are declared. Final dividends are recognised upon the approval of shareholders in a general meeting.