Excel Force MSC Berhad Annual Report 2016

EXCEL FORCE MSC BERHAD ANNUAL REPORT 2016 62 Notes to the Financial Statements 31 December 2016 (cont’d) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d) 4.10 Financial instruments (cont’d) (a) Financial assets (cont’d) (ii) Held-to-maturity investments Financial assets classified as held-to-maturity comprise non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity that the Group has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets classified as held-to-maturity are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains or losses on financial assets classified as held- to-maturity are recognised in profit or loss when the financial assets are derecognised or impaired, and through the amortisation process. (iii) Loans and receivables Financial assets classified as loans and receivables comprise non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets classified as loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains or losses on financial assets classified as loans and receivables are recognised in profit or loss when the financial assets are derecognised or impaired, and through the amortisation process. (iv) Available-for-sale financial assets Financial assets classified as available-for-sale comprise non-derivative financial assets that are designated as available for sale or are not classified as loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments or financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets classified as available-for-sale are measured at fair value. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of financial assets classified as available- for-sale are recognised directly in other comprehensive income, except for impairment losses and foreign exchange gains and losses, until the financial asset is derecognised, at which time the cumulative gains or losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income are recognised in profit or loss. However, interest calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in profit or loss whilst dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss when the right of the Group to receive payment is established. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, balances and deposits with banks and highly liquid investments which have an insignificant risk of changes in fair value with original maturities of three (3) months or less, and are used by the Group and the Company in the management of their short term commitments. For the purpose of the statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are presented net of bank overdrafts and pledged deposits. A financial asset is derecognised when the contractual right to receive cash flows from the financial asset has expired. On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the carrying amount and the sum of consideration received (including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed) and any cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised directly in other comprehensive income shall be recognised in profit or loss. A regular way purchase or sale is a purchase or sale of a financial asset under a contract whose terms require delivery of the asset within the time frame established generally by regulation or marketplace convention. A regular way purchase or sale of financial assets shall be recognised and derecognised, as applicable, using trade date accounting.