MSM Malaysia Holdings Berhad Annual Report 2019

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) (m) Zakat The Group recognises its obligations towards the payment of zakat on business. Zakat for the current period is recognised as and when the Group has a current zakat obligation as a result of zakat assessment. The amount of zakat expense shall be assessed when a company within the Group has been in operation for at least 12 months, i.e. for the period known as “haul (eligible period)”. Zakat expense is determined based on the Group’s financial results for the year. The amount of zakat paid is recognised as an expense in the financial year in which it is incurred. (n) Foreign currencies Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of the each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The financial statements are presented in Ringgit Malaysia (“RM”), which is the Group and Company’s functional and presentation currency. Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are remeasured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss, except when deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges. Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in profit or loss. Foreign exchange gains and losses related to foreign currency forward contracts are presented in profit or loss within “other (losses)/gains – net”. Group companies The results and financial position of all Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: (i) assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position; (ii) income and expenses for each statement of comprehensive income are translated at average rate (unless this average is not reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions); and (iii) all resulting exchange differences are recognised in the foreign exchange reserve as a separate component of equity. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entities and translated at closing rate. Exchange differences arising are recognised in other comprehensive income. On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign entities and long- term advances are taken to the foreign exchange reserve within equity. When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. 139 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 08